NPL Explorer surfaces FDIC-insured banks showing signs of loan distress — high Texas Ratio, rising non-performing loans, and OREO accumulation — using quarterly FDIC call-report data, so note investors can source distressed debt before the market does.
In Q2 2026, 50 institutions showed capital levels below peer medians.
LAMONT BANK OF ST JOHN · WA
EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT · TX
HOBART IND SCHOOL EMPLOYEES · IN
Banks (FDIC-insured) are flagged when the Tier 1 leverage ratio drops below 5% OR the total risk-based capital ratio drops below 10%. Credit unions (NCUA-chartered) are flagged when the net worth ratio drops below 7% (the NCUA "well capitalized" line). Flagged institutions are then ranked by how far their nonperforming-loan ratio sits above the median for their size cohort. For banks: Tier 1 leverage ratio — FDIC BankFind RBC1AAJ; total risk-based capital ratio — FDIC BankFind RBCRWAJ. Capital ratios still come from BankFind; only the nonperforming-loan figures moved to direct call-report sourcing. Bank nonperforming-loan ratio: numerator — FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N line 9, 90+ days past due col B (RCFD1407 / RCON1407) plus nonaccrual col C (RCFD1403 / RCON1403); denominator — Schedule RC-C line 12 total loans (RCFD2122 / RCON2122). For credit unions: net worth ratio — NCUA ACCT_998 (reported in hundredths of a percent and converted to a percentage). Credit-union delinquency ratio — NCUA ACCT_041B divided by total loans, ACCT_025B. Comparing banks with credit unions: the capital flag uses different regulatory thresholds for each (Tier 1 / total risk-based capital for banks, net worth ratio for credit unions). The peer ranking compares bank "non-current" loans (90+ days past due or nonaccrual) with credit-union "60+ days delinquent" loans — the closest measures the two filings share, not exact equivalents. Methodology updated 2026-03-31: the bank nonperforming-loan figures used in the peer ranking now come directly from FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N rather than an approximation derived from BankFind ratios. The capital-flag thresholds (5%, 10%, 7%) are unchanged. Read the methodology update note at /blog/npl-explorer-fdic-cdr-direct-sourcing.
In Q2 2026, 50 institutions reported Commercial & industrial charge-offs.
ONE WORLD BANK · TX
BANK OF ESTES PARK · CO
ODIN STATE BANK · MN
This card ranks banks by how fast charge-offs in a loan category are accelerating. For each bank, quarter and category, the charge-off ratio is year-to-date charge-offs divided by that category's loan balance. We fit a straight-line trend (the slope) through up to eight quarter-end observations in the trailing two-year window, and rank banks whose slope is at least 0.001 per quarter (roughly 0.4 percentage points a year of rising charge-offs). A bank with fewer than two observations has no trend and is left out. Field sources: FFIEC Call Report Schedule RI-B Part I per-category charge-off codes, taken directly from the FFIEC Central Data Repository (CDR) — the RIAD4635 family at the institution-total level; RIADC234, RIADC235, RIAD5411, RIAD3588, RIADC895, RIADC897, RIADC891, RIADC893, RIAD4638 and RIADB514 / RIADK129 / RIADK205 for individual categories. The same filing's per-category loan balances provide the denominator. Accelerating charge-offs typically come one to three quarters before a jump in the nonperforming-loan ratio, so this card surfaces the early signal. A category with fewer than ten qualifying banks in a quarter gets no page for that quarter.
In Q2 2026, LAMONT BANK OF ST JOHN in WA reported nonperforming loans at 49.83%, exceeding the peer median of 0.36% by +49.47pp.
LAMONT BANK OF ST JOHN · WA
EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT · TX
HOBART IND SCHOOL EMPLOYEES · IN
We rank institutions whose nonperforming-loan ratio is at least 2× the median for their size cohort. The peer median is the median nonperforming ratio across all active institutions in the same size cohort and quarter. Qualifying institutions are sorted by how far their ratio sits above that median, largest first, so the biggest outliers lead the list. For banks (FDIC-insured): non-current loans — FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N line 9, 90+ days past due col B (RCFD1407 / RCON1407) plus nonaccrual col C (RCFD1403 / RCON1403); total loans denominator — Schedule RC-C line 12 (RCFD2122 / RCON2122). For credit unions: 60+ days delinquent — NCUA ACCT_041B (direct aggregate); total loans denominator — NCUA ACCT_025B. Size cohorts and peer medians are recalculated every quarter. Comparing banks with credit unions: bank "non-current" loans (90+ days past due or nonaccrual) and credit-union "60+ days delinquent" loans are the closest measures the two filings share, not exact equivalents. Methodology updated 2026-03-31: bank non-current loan volumes now come directly from FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N. Earlier quarters used an approximation derived from BankFind ratios, so today's rankings use a more precise bank-side figure. Read the methodology update note at /blog/npl-explorer-fdic-cdr-direct-sourcing.
Over the 24-month period through Q2 2026, 50 bank acquisitions closed in the U.S.
CAPITAL ONE NATIONAL ASSN · VA
SANTANDER BANK N A · DE
HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK · OH
This card ranks active banks that absorbed another institution within the last 24 months (lookback window: 24 months from the most recent FDIC closures sweep) by the inherited nonperforming loan volume — the acquired bank's last reported nonperforming loan dollar figure prior to close (FDIC Call Report, nonperforming volume = sum of 90+ days past due and nonaccrual balances). The closure data comes from FDIC BankFind /banks/institutions (ACTIVE=0 with ENDEFYMD in the window); closure types include mergers (FDIC change codes 220-229), voluntary liquidations (230-249), and failures (410-419). Acquirer linkage is resolved via NEWCERT (immediate successor) and ULTCERT (ultimate holding successor). An acquirer inherits the seller's full loan portfolio at close — including loans that fall outside the acquirer's own underwriting box. Within 12-24 months, those inherited loans often surface as forced NPL sales as the acquirer rationalizes the book. Ranking by inherited nonperforming volume surfaces the acquirers most likely to liquidate distressed inventory in the near term.
This card ranks banks by absolute non-performing loan volume in each loan category — largest first, top 50. There is no minimum-dollar threshold; the per-category leaderboards naturally surface the largest banks in each segment. Field source: FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N per-category nonaccrual plus 90-days-past-due dollar columns, taken directly from the FFIEC Central Data Repository (CDR). The sibling Charge-Off Velocity card shows how fast a category is deteriorating; this card shows where the existing stock of problem loans sits.
In Q2 2026, 50 institutions holding at least $5M in held-for-sale loans reported increases in HFS balances.
SOFI BANK NATIONAL ASSN · UT
UNITED COMMUNITY BANK · SC
USAA FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK · AZ
This card ranks banks whose loans-held-for-sale (HFS) balance rose at least $5 million quarter-over-quarter, and surfaces the top 50 by dollar increase. HFS balance: FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC line 4.a (RCFD5369 consolidated; RCON5369 for filers without foreign offices). A rising HFS balance can signal portfolio repositioning, securitization staging, or distress-driven sales — the card surfaces the movement; what it means depends on the bank's broader credit quality and capital position.
In Q2 2026, 50 institutions reported Commercial & industrial charge-offs.
ONE WORLD BANK · TX
BANK OF ESTES PARK · CO
ODIN STATE BANK · MN
This card ranks banks by how fast charge-offs in a loan category are accelerating. For each bank, quarter and category, the charge-off ratio is year-to-date charge-offs divided by that category's loan balance. We fit a straight-line trend (the slope) through up to eight quarter-end observations in the trailing two-year window, and rank banks whose slope is at least 0.001 per quarter (roughly 0.4 percentage points a year of rising charge-offs). A bank with fewer than two observations has no trend and is left out. Field sources: FFIEC Call Report Schedule RI-B Part I per-category charge-off codes, taken directly from the FFIEC Central Data Repository (CDR) — the RIAD4635 family at the institution-total level; RIADC234, RIADC235, RIAD5411, RIAD3588, RIADC895, RIADC897, RIADC891, RIADC893, RIAD4638 and RIADB514 / RIADK129 / RIADK205 for individual categories. The same filing's per-category loan balances provide the denominator. Accelerating charge-offs typically come one to three quarters before a jump in the nonperforming-loan ratio, so this card surfaces the early signal. A category with fewer than ten qualifying banks in a quarter gets no page for that quarter.
In Q2 2026, 50 institutions showed capital levels below peer medians.
LAMONT BANK OF ST JOHN · WA
EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT · TX
HOBART IND SCHOOL EMPLOYEES · IN
Banks (FDIC-insured) are flagged when the Tier 1 leverage ratio drops below 5% OR the total risk-based capital ratio drops below 10%. Credit unions (NCUA-chartered) are flagged when the net worth ratio drops below 7% (the NCUA "well capitalized" line). Flagged institutions are then ranked by how far their nonperforming-loan ratio sits above the median for their size cohort. For banks: Tier 1 leverage ratio — FDIC BankFind RBC1AAJ; total risk-based capital ratio — FDIC BankFind RBCRWAJ. Capital ratios still come from BankFind; only the nonperforming-loan figures moved to direct call-report sourcing. Bank nonperforming-loan ratio: numerator — FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N line 9, 90+ days past due col B (RCFD1407 / RCON1407) plus nonaccrual col C (RCFD1403 / RCON1403); denominator — Schedule RC-C line 12 total loans (RCFD2122 / RCON2122). For credit unions: net worth ratio — NCUA ACCT_998 (reported in hundredths of a percent and converted to a percentage). Credit-union delinquency ratio — NCUA ACCT_041B divided by total loans, ACCT_025B. Comparing banks with credit unions: the capital flag uses different regulatory thresholds for each (Tier 1 / total risk-based capital for banks, net worth ratio for credit unions). The peer ranking compares bank "non-current" loans (90+ days past due or nonaccrual) with credit-union "60+ days delinquent" loans — the closest measures the two filings share, not exact equivalents. Methodology updated 2026-03-31: the bank nonperforming-loan figures used in the peer ranking now come directly from FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N rather than an approximation derived from BankFind ratios. The capital-flag thresholds (5%, 10%, 7%) are unchanged. Read the methodology update note at /blog/npl-explorer-fdic-cdr-direct-sourcing.
In Q2 2026, LAMONT BANK OF ST JOHN in WA reported nonperforming loans at 49.83%, exceeding the peer median of 0.36% by +49.47pp.
LAMONT BANK OF ST JOHN · WA
EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT · TX
HOBART IND SCHOOL EMPLOYEES · IN
We rank institutions whose nonperforming-loan ratio is at least 2× the median for their size cohort. The peer median is the median nonperforming ratio across all active institutions in the same size cohort and quarter. Qualifying institutions are sorted by how far their ratio sits above that median, largest first, so the biggest outliers lead the list. For banks (FDIC-insured): non-current loans — FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N line 9, 90+ days past due col B (RCFD1407 / RCON1407) plus nonaccrual col C (RCFD1403 / RCON1403); total loans denominator — Schedule RC-C line 12 (RCFD2122 / RCON2122). For credit unions: 60+ days delinquent — NCUA ACCT_041B (direct aggregate); total loans denominator — NCUA ACCT_025B. Size cohorts and peer medians are recalculated every quarter. Comparing banks with credit unions: bank "non-current" loans (90+ days past due or nonaccrual) and credit-union "60+ days delinquent" loans are the closest measures the two filings share, not exact equivalents. Methodology updated 2026-03-31: bank non-current loan volumes now come directly from FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-N. Earlier quarters used an approximation derived from BankFind ratios, so today's rankings use a more precise bank-side figure. Read the methodology update note at /blog/npl-explorer-fdic-cdr-direct-sourcing.
In Q2 2026, 50 institutions held modified loan pools exceeding 2% of total loans.
CITY NB OF SAN SABA · TX
UNITED BANK OF PHILADELPHIA · PA
FIRST NB OF FLETCHER · OK
This card ranks banks whose loan-modification (LMD) balance, divided by total loans, is at least 0.02 (2%), and surfaces the top 50 by that share. Field source: FFIEC Call Report Schedule RC-C Part I Memorandum 1.g (the sum of M1.a–M1.f — loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty modified under the CECL framework). The denominator is the bank's total loans for the same quarter. TDR-to-LMD transition disclaimer: quarters before 2023-Q4 reported "troubled debt restructurings" (TDRs) under the legacy framework. CECL adoption (FASB ASU 2022-02, effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec 15, 2022 — i.e. 2023-Q4 onward for most filers) replaced the TDR designation with the broader LMD concept. Quarters before 2023-Q4 will show systematically lower balances because the TDR concept covered a narrower population, so quarter-over-quarter comparison across that boundary is not apples-to-apples.
Texas Ratio = (non-performing assets + OREO) ÷ (tangible common equity + loan-loss reserves); a ratio approaching 100% signals capital stress. (FDIC call reports expose no separate tangible-common-equity line, so total equity plus reserves is used as a proxy.)Non-performing loans % = (nonaccrual + 90-days-past-due loans) ÷ total loans. Charge-off ratio = net charge-offs ÷ average loans.
Figures are derived from quarterly FDIC call reports and FFIEC Central Data Repository filings — public-domain U.S. Government data. Methodology maintained by Robert Hytha, mortgage-note investor since 2011.
Frequently asked questions
What is a non-performing loan?
A non-performing loan (NPL) is a loan whose borrower has stopped making scheduled payments — typically 90 or more days past due, or on nonaccrual status. Banks carrying rising NPLs often sell them at a discount to recover capital, which is where note investors source distressed debt.
How do I find banks selling distressed debt?
Start with the institutions showing the most loan distress — a high Texas Ratio, rising non-performing loans, and growing other real-estate-owned (OREO). NPL Explorer ranks every FDIC-insured bank on these quarterly call-report signals so you can identify likely sellers before they come to market.
Where does this data come from, and how current is it?
Every metric is derived from quarterly FDIC call reports and FFIEC Central Data Repository filings — the same regulatory data banks are required to file. NPL Explorer refreshes each quarter; the figures shown reflect the most recently completed reporting quarter.
